Fruit tree fertilising schedule
The material in the table below has effectively been extracted from The Complete Book of Fruit Growing in Australia by Louis Glowinski (available from most bookshops).
| Fruit tree | Fertiliser | When? | Discussion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Almond, cherry and plum | Standard deciduous tree (e.g. 9:4:5 NPK) | Spring and Autumn | Not heavy feeders. A established tree needs, say, 2Kg or the equivalent in manure (say, 5Kg). Apply half in early spring and the other half in autumn. |
| Apples and pears | High potassium (e.g. 8:4:10 NPK) | Spring and Autumn | An established tree needs at least 2Kg of 8:4:10 per year, and at least some of this needs to be synthetic as manure does not have much potassium in it. Apply the synthetic fertiliser (say, 2Kg) in spring and the manure (say, 5Kg) in autumn (so that, after breakdown, it is available to the plant from spring onwards). For younger trees, use 10% of the full amount per year of age. If the leaves are not deep green, or if growth is not vigorous, increase the amount. |
| Apricots | Standard deciduous tree (e.g. 9:4:5 NPK) | Autumn | As for cherries, but apply in autumn only (fertiliser applied in spring is said to affect fruit quality). |
| Avocado | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | All bar Winter | With a young tree, apply 100g every three months except in winter. Increase this gradually to a maximum of 3-4Kg for a 10-year-old tree. |
| Banana | High potassium (e.g. 8:4:10 NPK) | Spring and Summer | 400g when the shoots start to grow, then repeat 2 months later and again 2 months later. Add 200g dolomite in winter. |
| Blackberries and raspberries | High potassium (e.g. 8:4:10 NPK) | Spring and Winter | In early spring, add 0.25-0.5 Kg per square metre. Also, add manure in winter if available.for young plants. |
| Blackcurrants and redcurrants | High potassium (e.g. 8:4:10 NPK) | Autumn | In autumn, apply 0.5Kg per mature plant, or half that for young plants. |
| Blueberry | n/a | Autumn | Do not use inorganic fertilisers as the plant does not like either nitrates (cf. nitrogen) or chlorides (cf. potassium). Instead use manure only: 4cm in autumn. |
| Cape gooseberry | n/a | n/a | No need to fertilise |
| Custard apple | 15:4:1 NPK | All bar Winter | 55g per month per year of age. Apply monthly from spring to autumn (i.e. not winter). Double these amounts if growing in the tropics (because of leeching). |
| Gooseberries | High potassium (e.g. 8:4:10 NPK) | Spring | In spring, apply 0.5Kg per mature plant, or half that for young plants. |
| Grape | n/a | Spring | Manure only, and don't over-feed. Apply in spring, when the buds begin to swell (no earlier and no later). 0.25Kg for a second year vine and up to 0.5Kg for a mature vine. |
| Grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | All bar Winter | Annual fertilising is a must. An established tree needs 2Kg pa plus additional manure (2Kg if chicken and 6Kg if cow/horse). In the first year, add 10% of this amount, increasing by 10% a year until one reaches the full amount in the 10th year. Apply two-thirds in spring and one-third in summer. Apply the manure in autumn so that, after breakdown, it is available to the plant from spring onwards. |
| Guava | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | Autumn and Winter | In late winter, apply 100g per year of age, up to 1Kg for a mature tree. In autumn, top dress with manure. |
| Kiwifruit | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | Spring and Autumn | In spring, apply 250g, increasing by 500g pa up to 2Kg for a mature vine. In autumn, top dress with manure. |
| Loquat | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | All bar Winter | An established tree needs 2Kg pa plus additional manure (2Kg if chicken and 6Kg if cow/horse). In the first year, add 10% of this amount, increasing by 10% a year until one reaches the full amount in the 10th year. Apply two-thirds in spring and one-third in summer. Apply the manure in autumn so that, after breakdown, it is available to the plant from spring onwards. |
| Lychee | 15:3:11 NPK | all bar Autumn | 270g per year of age up to a maximum of 1Kg. Apply monthly from winter to summer (i.e. not autumn). |
| Mango | 15:3:11 NPK | Spring and Summer | 270g per year of age up to a maximum of 1Kg. Apply monthly from winter to summer (i.e. not autumn). |
| Olive | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | Spring and Autumn | An established tree needs 2Kg pa. In the first year, add 10% of this amount, increasing by 10% a year until one reaches the full amount in the 10th year. apply half in spring and half in autumn. |
| Papaya | High potassium (e.g. 8:4:10 NPK) | Spring and Summer | Across spring and summer, apply 25g per month until flowering, then 100g per month. If plant vigour is low, increase. |
| Passionfruit | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | Spring and Summer | Across spring and summer, add up to 2Kg per vine (for mature vines) in three divided doses. |
| Peach and nectarine | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | Autumn | Heavy feeders. An established tree needs, say, 2Kg. Apply in autumn. |
| Pomegranate | balanced | Spring and Autumn | Apply in early spring and late autumn. Assuming 8:8:8 NPK, apply a total of 1.8Kg for a mature plant (5 years or older) and 0.9Kg for a young plant. |
| Walnut | High nitrogen (e.g. 22:5:8 NPK) | Spring | 200g per year of age up to a maximum of 3Kg. Apply in spring. |