Shade cloth – need, purpose and options
Robin Gale-Baker, from Sustainable Macleod, discusses shade cloth. This is one of a series of articles she has written about growing techniques (see right hand sidebar). She has also written a number of articles about growing various vegetables, herbs and fruit trees.
Shade cloth structures, whether temporary or permanent, are likely to be ever more necessary for home gardeners as we experience more heat waves, and high temperature days, than ever before. Even a single day of scorching heat can do irreversible damage to our edible gardens.
Heat waves can cause stress to plants by drying out the soil around their roots and causing subsequent dropping of flowers and fruit. This is caused by direct sunlight to the root area and shade cloth helps prevent this. It lowers the heat around the plant by blocking out radiant heat, i.e, ultraviolet (UV) light. UV, meaning ‘beyond violet’, is light that is invisible to the eye and, while not a lot of it gets through the ozone layer, with this layer thinning, there is scientific concern about its effects on plant growth.
Even plants that thrive in warm conditions can suffer sunburn. This includes tomatoes, eggplants, capsicums, cucumbers and zucchini. Stone fruit can stew from the inside when their stone heats up so a peach or apricot that may look normal when picked may go to mush in your hand if its stone has heated up on days of extreme heat.
Temporary shade cloth structures can be erected by hammering four star pickets into each corner of a garden bed, draping them with shade cloth (or even an old sheet), and securing the cloth with yellow star picket caps. In this case, what you use is not especially important.
However, if you are erecting a permanent structure, choosing the right type of shade cloth for your circumstances is important. There are four criteria to consider:
- Knitted or woven.
- Density.
- Colour.
- Aesthetics.
Knitted or woven?
Knitted, which is made of light weight polyethylene, is more stretchy and flexible and that makes it easier to install, and it is durable and has a longer life expectancy than woven. It is used for greenhouses and shade houses. It is UV resistant.
Woven is made from polypropylene and is heavier and can be used as wind screens, privacy screens, patio shading and solar protection for plants. It is UV stabilised, which means that it can tolerate extreme sun exposure. It can fray and, when cut, unlike knitted, will unravel, making it unsuitable to customise yourself.
Density
Density (also known as ‘percentage’) refers to the amount of sun that does not penetrate the cloth. Vegetables and fruit generally need 30-60% and this means that 30-60% sunlight is blocked out. Most vegetables do well under 30% shade cloth, especially tomatoes, eggplants and capsicums and other heat tolerant vegetables. Darker leaf vegetables, such as chard and spinach and sensitive vegetables like lettuce, do well under 60% shade cloth. Flowers are often grown under 60% as well. Density of 75-90% is best for orchids, palms, ferns, and shade loving plants that require little sunlight.
Colour
The 5 common colours are black, white, green, blue and red though there are many more. Each has differing qualities and effects on plant growth. Different colours manipulate the light spectrum in different ways by filtering out different parts of the spectrum. This can have a beneficial or adverse affect depending on what the plant requires.
Black and green shade cloths absorb heat and protect from harmful UV rays, and filter light.
White shade cloth reflects heat and diffuses UV rays. It reduces the amount of light getting through while not affecting the quality of the light spectrum. It also lowers greenhouse temperatures while black increases them.
Blue shade cloth is often used by cucumber farmers. Red (or black) is apparently best for growing lettuces.
Aesthetics
This is the least consideration but it is important to some people. Black shade cloth tends to disappear into the landscape while white and green stand out. Some people prefer black for this reason.
I’m growing capsicums and eggplants mainly, last year the capsicums got burned. I bought shade cloth but the shelter I want to build is quite large and the shade cloth isn’t great against the wind. Can someone recommend something with wind resistant, UV resistant, and protect the veggies from sunburn? Type of mesh/netting. Appreciate the help
Hi
I have put in a shade net 80% green to plant cabbages, beetroots, green paper, yellow paper, tomatoes and onion.
Have I put in the correct type of shade net?
Hi Nilesh,
No, you have used a shade cloth which is designed to block out light whereas you should be using netting designed to exclude insects. Ask at your local Bunnings and they will point you in the right direction.
I’ve stapled the shade cloth to 25mm pvc pipe using galvanised staples. That way I can roll the shadecloth up around the pipe when I want to uncover the garden.
I have been trying to research the best shade cloth all round for extremes of heat and cold. In the Adelaide hills I go from -6degC hoar frosts in winter to 46degC in summer, with long stretches of both. I have always disliked green shade cloth! Logically it should provide both shade and warmth in winter. White is light and bright but if it is going to reflect all the heater over the winter months then it probably is not the best choice. 30 to 50 percent shades are not all equal. I want to cover all of my vegetable gardens which is a major investment in time. Crop rotation prevents having different sections with different strengths. If I procrastinate much longer, I may die of old age before making a decision. Any concrete suggestions would be most welcome.
Yes I’d love to know the answer to your question as am in the same boat, deciding what shade cloth to use for the whole garden. Any answers??
Did you make a decision? I’d be very interested in knowing what you chose as I have very similar conditions where I am in Western Queensland. I also want to protect my veggies.
Hi, only just got back to this site and found your message. I went with white and so far so good, this is my first summer with veggie garden under cover and so far so good. I planted a crop of tomatoes and sweetcorn in a different area just in case it needed full sun but as I bought a 50 meter roll we ended up giving it a temporary cover when it heated up here a week ago. The corn love it?
Looking for a 20×20 woven green 70-75% blockage.
Thank you for your information. Appreciate you input it definitely has helped me with my selections.
I grow tuberous begonias in Geelong under shade cloth and notice that they do better at ground level than up higher. Is there a general rule relating to the distance below shade cloth?