Jun 192024
 

Thanks to the people who have contributed to this week’s newsletter: Ann Stanley, Genevieve Rigot, Karen Thomsen, Robin Gale-Baker, Tatiana Coluccio and Vivien Yii.

July to September: key months for garlic success (by Robin Gale-Baker)

Now that the shortest day has passed, any garlic planted in the autumn will have developed a strong root system and healthy green shoots but what next? How do we support the swelling of the bulbs into good-sized, healthy heads?

Bulb swell occurs as the days lengthen and the temperatures rise. This happens progressively after the shortest day (21st June) until the heads are ready to harvest in November or December. Action taken in July to September is key to getting a great crop.

Weed, mulch and water, July to September:

  • Garlic dislikes competition from weeds. Weed your beds well and keep them well weeded until harvest.
  • Mulch (if you have not already) to a depth of 5cm, preferably with sugar cane mulch, keeping the mulch clear of the stems to prevent collar rot.
  • Begin spraying with diluted Seasol or Maxicrop according to instructions and then repeat every 2-3 weeks. These are seaweed solutions that add minerals and micronutrients, balancing any deficiency in your soil. Note that they do not add nitrogen.
  • Garlic bulbs grow best if always moist. Water regularly with either a drip line or straight onto the soil. Do not water overhead as this can result in fungal disease such as rust. Watering must be deep and regular (twice a week generally) but not result in soggy soil. Do not be misled into thinking that rainfall under 10mm per day counts as watering – none of this will penetrate the soil and reach the roots.

Fertilise, late August to early September:

  • Side dress your garlic with blood and bone. This means pulling back the mulch and sprinkling it, according to instructions, between the rows of plants. Trowel it into the soil surface. Blood and bone contains nitrogen and this helps bulb swell. However, if you apply it later than early September, then it thickens the stems at the expense of the bulb and can cause fungal problems.
  • If you notice that some leaves are yellowing or the plants are weak, spray them with fish emulsion, also a nitrogen product.

Once early September has passed, simply keep your garlic well weeded, mulched and watered, and every 3 weeks spray with a seaweed solution. Two weeks before harvest, stop watering so that the bulbs are as dry as possible when pulled.

The Melbourne ‘Local Food Connections’ community radio show

On next Sunday’s show (23rd June, 10-10.30am) on 3CR (855 AM), Ann Stanley will celebrate the first anniversary of the Local Food Connections’ community radio show. Listen by tuning into either the station (855 AM) or its livestream.

Your help is needed! As you know, Local Food Connections supports the work of this newsletter by broadcasting to a radio audience about the power of locally grown food to build community. It is now seeking to raise $750 of the $275,000 that 3CR needs to continue broadcasting. Every donation, no matter how small, is appreciated and goes directly towards supporting Local Food Connections and other programs on 3CR. You can donate online at https://www.3cr.org.au/donate or by calling the station on 9419 8377 either during business hours or during the Local Food Connections show. During the show, they will give a shout out to everyone who has donated.

They are also offering a deal to anyone who is organising a food-related workshop or event in the coming months: if you offer a free place at the event to one of their listeners, they will give your event a shoutout on this Sunday’s show. Contact Ann Stanley by email (annstanley.wes@gmail.com) to organise.

Finally, Podcasts of all previous episodes are available on their website, the latest being the second part of Katie Finlay on the Harcourt Organic Farming Co-op (9th June).

Want to buy some apple trees?

St Andrews CFA are selling some bare rooted apple trees as a fundraiser. 40 varieties are available (see graphic right) and most of the trees are grafted onto semi-dwarfing rootstock M26. They will grow to around 2.5 metres tall and start fruiting in year 3. Staking is recommended for all trees during establishment, and some varieties need permanent staking. Apples are not self-pollinating, so two trees are required unless there are other apple trees growing nearby.

$50 per tree. Pick up from St Andrews CFA station on Saturday, 3rd August or Sunday, 4th August, between 10am and 1pm (delivery also available). Pay when you collect your trees, cash or card. Call or message Karen on 0411 957 374 with your order and contact details.

Want some training?

Seeding Success is a four-month online training program designed to support food systems leaders as they work to make their businesses sustainable. It will give participants access to coaching, workshops, network opportunities, mentoring and guidance from sector experts. It is free. Applications close on Monday, 1st July. It is an initiative by VicHealth, together with The Difference Incubator (TDi) and STREAT. Read more and potentially apply.

Something for you to watch

Someone called Kate Mason recently gave a one hour presentation to the 100 year Biodynamic Conference in Sydney entitled the synthetic transformation of our food systems, which was about various developments in the production of synthetic food. Newsletter reader Genevieve Rigot found the presentation interesting and suggests that you might like to watch the video.

I (Guy) have watched the whole video and agree with Genevieve that it was rather interesting.

Critter of the week from my garden – St. Andrew’s cross spider

The two photos are both of female St. Andrew’s cross spiders (Argiope keyserlingi in the family Araneidae), with the one on the left being the top side and the one on the right being from underneath. Whilst the females are ‘standard spider size’, the males of the species are apparently miniscule.

St. Andrew’s cross spiders are so called due to the construction of the silk bands forming the arms of an X-shaped cross in the centre of their web, supposedly similar to the one upon which St. Andrew is traditionally said to have been crucified. The purpose of this cross is not well understood. The spiders usually align 2 legs along each arm of the cross.

Read about my previous insects (or critters) of the week on our website.

What veggie seeds to plant in July

Here is a list (see the July planting guide for more detail):
Beetroot
Coriander
Lettuce
Mizuna
Mustard greens
Onion
Peas
Radish

The shortest list of the year.

Our articles over the last month

Here are some of the articles from our newsletters over the last month that you might have missed:

Which link was clicked most times in the last newsletter?

The most popular link in the last newsletter was Angelo’s lettuce growing guide.

The most popular event link in the last newsletter was the upcoming Australian Chocolate Festival by bean-to-bar makers on Sunday, 7th July, 10am-4pm, at Abbotsford..

Word of the month – Sapid

Sapid, meaning something that has a strong, but pleasant, taste.

Read about previous words of the month.

Proverb (or phrase) of the month

One sandwich short of a picnic. Meaning: stupid. This is one of those rare phrases whose origin is recent. The BBC’s Lenny Henry Christmas Special in December 1987 included a song called I’m mad which parodied Michael Jackson’s song Bad. It included the lines “He’s mad, mad, one brick short of a load. He’s mad, mad, one sandwich short of a picnic.

Various phrases of the form ‘an X short of a Y’, meaning stupid, go back further in time. For example, from 1852: a shingle short [of a roof].

Read about more food-related proverbs.

Gardening quote of the month

The greatest fine art of the future will be the making of a comfortable living from a small piece of land.” by Abraham Lincoln.

Read more gardening quotes.

b33e661f-c100-4ebe-9ffa-847952e0da4e.jpgJoke (or pun) of the week

I went to a restaurant that serves ‘breakfast at any time’. So I ordered French Toast during the Renaissance.

Read more food-related jokes on our website.

 

Regular activities over the coming week

Farmers’ and other food markets
Food swaps
Community gardens

Not (quite) local but interesting

Panettone masterclass; Wednesday, 3rd July, 8am-5pm, $350 ($39 per hour); CBD.

The topics to be covered will include: sourdough; kneading techniques; raw material influence on the product; leavening stages; and baking tips and tricks. Presenters: Giuseppe Piffaretti (President of Coppa del Mondo del Panettone) and Alessandro Urilli (Pastry Chef). At the William Angliss Institute, 555 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, 3000. Book your place by bank transfer (BSB 033 091; Account number 588 110; Name of account Old Evropa Pty Ltd).

Upcoming face-to-face events – not cooking

IPA masterclass; Tuesday, 25th June, 6-8pm; $43 ($22 per hour); Brunswick East.

With a deep dive on 7 styles of IPA, learn the ins and outs of IPA and how it’s been adapted and evolved through the centuries. Included is a group tour of the Brunswick East Brewery. Presenter: Mark Schipano.

Classic cocktails with Itinerant Spirits; Saturday, 29th June, 3-5pm; $69 ($35 per hour); Fitzroy North.

Itinerant Spirits will guide you through their gin and vodka plus the basics of cocktail making. Then make your own classic cocktails and enjoy a shared grazing platter.

The Little Food Market; on Friday, 19th July, 11am-9pm, Saturday, 20th July, 10am-7pm and Sunday, 21st July, 10am-5pm; $20; Carlton.

In addition to the $20 admission ticket, you can buy tickets which include a wine glass and/or tote bag. There will be
around 200 food and drink exhibitors
, where visitors can taste, purchase, and discover. There will also be a series of demonstrations and talks.

Urban wine walk; Saturday, 3rd August, 10am-5pm; $82; Brunswick East.

This is a self-guided wine tasting experience, where you choose the order in which you visit the various venues. The ticket includes complementary tastings, a $10 food voucher, a $25 voucher for wine orders and a tasting glass. The participating venues and winemakers: Atticus Finch with Konpira Maru; Bouvier Bar with Philip Lobley; Craftsmans Corner with Tokar Estate; East Brunswick Hotel with Stella Bella; Maggie’s Snacks and Liquor with  DEFIALY; Noisy Ritual with Noisy Ritual; Teller with Yering Station; The Quarry Hotel with Susuro Wines; and Uncle Joe’s Wine Bar with Greenhouse Knight.

Tomato growing; Saturday, 17th August, 10am-3pm; $145 ($29 per hour); CERES.

This workshop will cover: how to choose which tomato varieties to grow; whether to grow from seed or seedling, in pots, raised beds or directly into soil; when and how to plant and tips for success; training growth with stakes, cages or string vs free range; pros and cons of pruning and how to do it; preventing common problems; and feeding and crop rotation. Presenter: Carol Henderson.

Edible weeds; Sunday, 18th August, 10am-midday; $70 ($35 per hour); CERES.

Learn about the seasonal edible weeds that thrive in Melbourne’s inner north and gain knowledge about the plants’ culinary, medicinal and ecological uses. This session will also include a demonstration, and sampling, of prepared edible weeds. Presenter: Lauren Mueller.

SEEDs Fest; Sunday, 18th August, 11am-4pm; free; Brunswick.

Join them in celebrating SEEDs Communal Garden at their annual ‘winter soup’ fundraiser, where the where soup is made from locally sourced and community grown produce. There will be workshops, garden grown meals, a mini market, live music and dancing. Click here to read about the garden.

Garden tool repair workshop led by Sandra Macneil; Sunday, 18th August, 2-4pm; $15; Macleod.

Learn some techniques for repairing their tools, including: sharpening and maintaining secateurs; sharpening the bottom edge of spades; straightening bent fork tines; replacing handles; securing loose handles; and oiling wooden handles to preserve them. Presenter: Sandra Macneil. Organised by Sustainable Macleod.

Introduction to permaculture (4 sessions); on consecutive Mondays starting 19th August, 10am-2.30pm; $60 ($3 per hour); Edendale.

To be eligible for the government subsidised fee, you need to be either a permanent resident and/or an Australian Citizen/New Zealand Citizen and not enrolled in mainstream secondary school. This practical, hands-on course will give you an understanding of what permaculture is and how it can be applied in both a home garden setting and a commercial setting. Tutor: Justin Calverley.

Food adventures for sensory superheros; Wednesday, 21st August, 10-11.30am; free; Wollert.

Hear from an Accredited Practising Dietitian on how to support children to have fun with food while supporting their growth and wellbeing.

Complete urban farmer (14 sessions); weekly starting Wednesday, 28th August, 9am-3pm; $1,150 ($14 per hour); CERES.

The topics to be covered will include: permaculture; fruit production; soil preparation; beekeeping; composting, worm farming and fertilisers; vegetable growing; propagation; seed collection; pest & disease management; bushfoods & berries; chooks; and community gardens. Presenter: Justin Calverley.

Traditional wooden spoon carving; Saturday, 31th August, 10am-4pm; $145 ($29 per hour); CERES.

Learn the traditional craft of carving your own kitchen utensils using specialised carving knives and your hands. From a piece of sustainably sourced native timber, carve spoons, butter spreaders, spatulas or spurtles from a piece of wood. You will learn: an age-old craft; the sense of meditation and slowness to be found in whittling life’s essential objects; sourcing sustainable materials; the basics of traditional tool use; and how to safely turn a log into your favourite wooden utensil. Presenter: Alma Arriaga.

Edible weeds walk; Saturday, 31th August, 10.30am-12.30pm; $30 ($15 per hour); Merri Creek.

What if many of the weeds in our garden were just as edible as the vegetables we tend beside them? What if some of these free, all-too-easy-to-grow uninvited guests were so nutritionally dense that they are just about the healthiest things you could possibly eat? What if many of them also had medical traditions dating back centuries? Well it’s all true! And if you know what to choose, they also taste great. Join Adam Grubb, co-author of The Weed Forager’s Handbook, for a walk foraging for edible weeds.

Essential crop rotation and succession planting (part 2); Wednesday, 4th September, 7-9pm; free; Doncaster.

Duncan Cocking, from Leaf, Root and Fruit, will discuss: seasonal issues such as companion planting, pests and diseases; succession planting; soil preparation; crop rotation; layout and spacing; companion planting; and seasonality of pests and diseases. The presentation will start at 7pm but there will be sandwiches and a food swap at 6.45pm.

Complete urban farmer (14 sessions); weekly starting Friday, 6th September, 9am-3pm; $1,150 ($14 per hour); CERES.

The topics to be covered will include: permaculture; fruit production; soil preparation; beekeeping; composting, worm farming and fertilisers; vegetable growing; propagation; seed collection; pest & disease management; bushfoods & berries; chooks; and community gardens. Presenter: Justin Calverley.

The herbal apprentice (8 sessions); weekly starting Friday, 6th September, 10am-3pm; $995 ($21 per hour); CERES.

The course will include the following topics: medicinal plant cultivation; introduction to plant identification and botany; understanding common ailments; herbal language and terminology; patterns of traditional western herbalism; plant chemistry basics; introduction to medicine making; botanical animism; and community supported herbalism. Presenter: Taj Scicluna, aka The Perma Pixie.

REthink your kitchen; Saturday, 7th September, 10am-1pm; $7; Edendale.

Discuss common kitchen purchases and practices, and how you can apply circular economy principles to making your kitchen more sustainable. The topics to be discussed will include: the REthink actions of refuse, reduce, repair, re-use, re-purpose, replace and recycle; food and cooking; appliances and equipment; purchase choices; packaging and waste; and systems, habits and routines.

Permaculture and waterwise gardens; Thursday, 12th September, 7-9pm; free; Doncaster.

Hannah Maloney, presenter on ABC’s Gardening Australia and author of The good life: how to grow a better world, will discuss founding Good Life Permaculture in Tasmania and why she is known as the ‘compost queen’.

Organic vegetable growing; Saturday, 14th September, 10am-3pm; $145 ($29 per hour); CERES.

The workshop will be a mix of classroom presentations and practical exercises, giving you a chance to get your hands dirty on a real working farm. You will learn to: build healthy soils; work with the seasons; and grow a productive garden, including vegetables, fruits and herbs. Presenter: Donna Livermore.

Australian plants expo; on Saturday, 14th September and Sunday, 15th September, both 10am-3pm; $5; Eltham.

There will be sales of native & indigenous plants, books on related subjects and native flower displays. The plant sellers are likely to include APS Yarra Yarra growers, Friends of Melton Botanic Gardens nursery, Goldfields Revegetation nursery, La Trobe Wildlife Sanctuary nursery, Natural Plantscape nursery, Sunvalley Plants Nursery and Vaughan’s Australian Plants. Organised by Australian Plants Society – Yarra Yarra.

Wine and Vine Festival; Saturday, 14th September, midday-7pm; $58; Abbotsford.

There will be around 30 wineries plus live music and food. The ticket includes unlimited tastings for a 3-hour period plus a tasting glass.

In June
In July
In August
Regular events

Upcoming face-to-face events – cooking

Miso making with Rieko Hayashi; Saturday, 22nd June, 11am-2pm; $150 ($50 per hour); Fitzroy North.

Get your annual miso made. They will have the chickpeas soaked and cooked, the koji and salt ready to go, and the jars there. You will mash and squish and roll and throw – ready to go home with 1 litre of miso that can be ready to eat within 3 months, or ferment for longer if you like. The ticket includes a light lunch of miso soup and onigiri.

Koji and natto; Thursday, 4th July, 6.30-7.30pm; $20 ($20 per hour); Fitzroy North.

Learn about koji and natto and make your own batch of each. Later, at home, use your fresh batch of koji to make miso, shio-koji (salted koji), sake, pickles and amazake.

Mini master cooks (6-8 years) – sweet bread; Friday, 5th July, 10.30am-midday; $52 ($35 per hour); Forest Hill.

Learn how to make sweet bread rolls with filling of choice. Measure, stir, taste and cook. Make healthy apple cookies drizzled with passionfruit icing. Take a container to take cookies home in plus an apron. Organised by Strathdon House.

Farmhouse sake (doburoku); Saturday, 6th July, 4-6pm; $50 ($25 per hour); Fitzroy North.

Sake making, plus sake and cheese pairing tasting.

Mastering French pastry with Old Evropa; Sunday, 4th August, 10am-midday; $28 ($14 per hour); Eltham.

Learn the secrets behind creating perfectly balanced flavours and textures in French cooking. Uncover the history and diverse origins of pastry. Watch the art of working with pastry, from the delicate process of making pâte à choux to the precise techniques for laminating dough. After the demonstration and hands-on experience, relax and enjoy some coffee and pastries. Presenter: Tatiana Coluccio from Old Evropa.

Milk kefir magic; Thursday, 15th August, 6.30-8.30pm; $145 ($73 per hour); Fitzroy North.

They will show you how to easily incorporate this little SCOBY into your daily routine. You will make some milk kefir and then move onto flavouring, making butter, labneh, catching the whey and then making a naturally fizzy and gut-loving soda. You’ll go home with: a milk kefir SCOBY in a jar and ready to feed when you get home; a whey soda flavoured with fresh fruit of your choice to finish fermenting at home; milk kefir cultured butter; and an illustrated recipe card.

FFS … ferment four staples; Sunday, 18th August, 10am-3pm; $425 ($85 per hour); Fitzroy North.

This is a fermenting ‘101’ class, where you will learn about salt, different preserving techniques, two of the most popular cabbage recipes (kraut and kimchi), a drink (kvass) and all about SCOBYs, with a focus on milk kefir. At the end, you will sit down for a chat and a bite to eat, including fermented foods and drinks to taste. You will take home everything you make during the class: kimchi, sauerkraut, milk kefir butter, milk kefir with SCOBY, whey soda and kvass.

Kitchen chemistry (for ages 5-8); Monday, 19th August, 4-5pm; free; Richmond.

For children aged 5-8. Experiment with a variety of food-related chemicals and take home a bag of sweet, tongue-tingling sherbet.

Kitchen chemistry (for ages 5-8); Thursday, 22nd August, 3.45-4.45pm; free; Carlton North.

For children aged 5-8. Experiment with a variety of food-related chemicals and take home a bag of sweet, tongue-tingling sherbet.

Kombucha / jun M.O.B.; Thursday, 22nd August, 6.30-8.30pm; $85 ($43 per hour); Fitzroy North.

Kombucha is traditionally made with black tea and sugar, and jun with green tea and honey. Learn how to feed your mother/SCOBY (choose between kombucha or jun) and then flavour their own batch ready for second phase fermentation using fruits, herbs and spices that will be made available to you. Go home with your selected SCOBY and your personally flavoured bottle of kombucha/jun. M.O.B. stands for mingling over bacteria.

Vegan cheese making; Sunday, 8th September, 10am-3pm; $150 ($30 per hour); CERES.

Learn how to create your own array of vegan cheeses, milks, creamy spreads and dairy-free desserts. Limitless options for flavours and styles. Presenter: Nase Supplitt.

Greek cooking; Saturday, 14th September, 10am-2pm; $150 ($38 per hour); CERES.

You will learn how to prepare traditional dishes that you would expect to eat in the kitchen of a Greek family home. You will prepare all the meals together and then enjoy your feast. Presenter: Kelly Michelakis.

Sourdough bread baking; Sunday, 15th September, 9am-5pm; $220 ($28 per hour); CERES.

You will: make a variety of different breads, gaining the skills and confidence to make your own at home; enjoy some of your own handmade pizza for lunch; and take home some leaven to get you started baking bread at home. Presenter: Ken Hercott.

In June
In July
In August
Regular classes

Every so often I come across a cooking class that looks really interesting and I wonder why I haven’t come across it before. One such is Free to Feed which offers a wide range of ethnic cooking experiences, including Egyptian, Eritrean, Ethiopian, Indonesian, Iraqi, Pakistani, Persian, Somali and Syrian. There is at least one class on every day and they are typically 3 hours long, $155 ($52 per hour) and in Northcote. Per their website: “A Free to Feed cooking experience is different from an average cooking class. Expect three hours of hands-on cooking, rich storytelling and a final shared feast! Our experiences are designed to aid in the exchange of powerful memories, form life long connections, shape conversations and celebrate the ambition of newly arrived people.” This reflects the organisation’s mission which is “to empower people from asylum seeking and from refugee backgrounds to overcome barriers to social and economic inclusion in Australia through training, employment and psycho-social support and the delivery of shared food experiences.” As well as cooking classes, they offer meals a couple of times a week and catering.

Jun 132024
 

Thanks to the people who have contributed to this week’s newsletter: Carol Woolcock, Pam Jenkins and Robyn Williams.

Some bushfood articles

As briefly discussed last week, here are a few, final bushfood articles based on material from the now defunct Melbourne Bushfood website.

Brush cherry (Syzygium australe)

The brush cherry is one of the best native fruits. It’s crisp, apple-textured fruit is slightly acidic but sweet when ripe. You can eat them raw or as an ingredient in jams, juices, tarts, cakes or sorbet.

In cultivation, the brush cherry is typically a small tree, reaching 2-4 metres (it can grow much taller in the wild). It can produce copious amounts of fruit even in small containers. It can be hedged, making it an ideal suburban garden plant or privacy screen. It grows best in full sun but can also have reasonable results in part shade.

Being a rainforest species, drying out is a common cause of death, especially for younger plants. When dry, it will wilt, which is a good indication of when to water.

To ensure continued fruiting, it’s important that you feed regularly with a native plant food.

Harvest the fruit when they have turned a bright red/pink colour or are falling from the tree.

Kurrajong or Illawarra flame tree (Brachychiton acerifolius)

The seeds, after roasting with spices, are a tasty, protein-rich snack. Spread the seeds on a baking tray and place them in the oven at 180degC for 20-30 minutes. Once roasted, the seeds can be used in a variety of dishes, such as soups, stews and curries. They can also be ground into a flour and used as a gluten-free substitute in baking.

As young plants, kurrajongs were traditionally eaten as a vegetable similar to a carrot, and the adult plants’ roots were used as a source of water during dry times.

The seeds are contained in large seed pods, which develop only on mature trees. Wait until the pods have dried out and turned brown before harvesting them. To harvest, trim the seed pods from the tree and, before removing the seeds, ensure that you are wearing gloves. The seeds are coated with fine fibres, which are very irritable. Either leave the seeds in a bag for a long period until the fibres fall naturally from the seed, or scorch the seeds with a hot flame for a short period of time.

The plant is a large, deciduous tree growing up to 30 metres. It has bright red flowers in late summer, which coat the tree giving the impression that the plant is covered by a red flame. Unlike most plants, it does not flower each year.

Plant in either full sun or part shade. It grows well in any type of soil and is drought-tolerant. It will benefit from the annual application of a native fertiliser.

If regularly pruned, it can be grown in a pot, either indoors or outdoors, as it doesn’t die from root-bounding, but make sure that the pot is well draining as over-watering or sitting-in-water can cause damage to the plants roots.

Muntries (Kunzea pomifera)

The small, blueberry-size fruit taste like a granny smith apple but with a little bit of eucalyptus. As well as being eaten fresh, they can be used in chutneys, preserves, syrups, juices, beverages, sauces, muffins, fruit leathers, jellies, specialty breads or fresh salads.

The plant is a slow-growing, low-growing (up to 30cm tall), spreading (up to 2 metres wide) shrub. Plant in either full sun or part-shade. It can also be grown in either pots on hanging baskets.

Muntries’ woody branches and tough leaves make it very drought and pest tolerant. After the fruiting season, give it a high quality native fertiliser boost.

The berries are ripe when they have turned from green to purplish/red and have become fragrant. In some varieties, the berries remain green even when ripe.

Pigface (Carpobrotus)

The leaves can be pickled into a preserve. The fruit is tasty, sweet, and tastes like a salty kiwi with touches of melon.

The plant is a groundcover, spreading to around 2 metres. Bright pink daisy flowers cover the bush throughout much of the year. It can tolerate a range of soil conditions (clay soils) and is drought tolerant. Plant in either full sun or part shade.

The plant can easily be propagated by layering (rooting horizontal stem cuttings).

The fruit is ripe when it becomes soft and a deep red colour.

Read more bushfood articles on our website.

K is for kitab tabakh

‘Kitab tabakh’ means ‘cookbook’ in Arabic and ‘K is for Kitab Tabakh’ is an exploration of diverse food and cultural identities in contemporary Australia. From now until 28th July, the Counihan Gallery at 233 Sydney Road (inside Brunswick Town Hall), Brunswick will have an exhibition by Deanna Hitti inspired by her mother’s collection of traditional Lebanese family recipes. It will feature some large-scale cyanotypes (a type of photograph) of lavishly decorated Lebanese table settings plus some assemblages of objects from her family home.

More on the great chocolate giveaway

We were almost overwhelmed by the number of people requesting free tickets for the Australian Chocolate Festival by bean-to-bar makers. From the random draw, the following people have been given tickets: Ayala, Christine, Claire, Judith, Ronen, Soo Mei and Virginia.

More on butter versus margarine

Following last week’s article on the relative merits of butter and margarine in baking, Carol Woolcock has written in with an arguable, additional advantage of butter: “we used to have a decal on our car in the 70s stating that ‘butter eaters make better lovers’. Too much information if I comment further.

Questions of the week

Crop rotation

Question from Katherine: I am trying to plan a three bed crop rotation: legumes, brassicas & leafs, then roots & fruits. I am struggling with changing from seasons. They say don’t plant potatoes and tomatoes together but there will be a crossover between potatoes and tomatoes in the spring. Because they will get moved to a new bed next year does this mean that it doesn’t? I don’t wish to only grow winter foods.

Answer from me: My first point is that you shouldn’t include potatoes in any crop rotation system because, if you plant them in a veggie bed, you will never get fully rid of them and they will therefore screw up any rotation system. I plant my potatoes in standalone tubs.

I agree that changing between winter crops and summer crops is challenging in any rotation system because, quite often, the crops from one season are not (quite) ready for harvesting by the time that one would like to plant the crops for the other season. The easy way out is to only grow one set of crops in each bed each year but this is a waste of valuable, limited bed space. To grow two crops in each bed each year, you just have to experiment with how to fit things in and, also, it is easier to organise if you plant seedlings rather than seeds.

In your rotation system, here is a possible sequence for a particular bed:

  • Winter year 1: Plant broad beans or peas in April.
  • Summer year 1: The legumes should then be ready for harvesting in November, at which time you could plant lettuce, mustard greens or silverbeet.
  • Winter year 2: The leafs should then be finished harvesting by February or March, at which time you could plant broccoli or cauliflower;
  • Summer year 2: The brassicas should then be ready for harvesting by November, at which time you could plant out tomato seedlings that you have previously started out in seed trays.
  • Winter year 3: The tomatoes should then be finished harvesting by March, at which time you could plant beetroots or carrots.
  • Summer year 3: The roots should then be ready for harvesting by November, at which time you could plant green beans, thus completing the three year cycle.

In your crop rotation system, vegetables that take a long time to mature would be difficult to fit in. So, for example, no onions or Brussels sprouts.

See the article on our website about crop rotation systems.

Yacon

Question from Max: I just bought some yacon rhizomes and I am wondering how to store them before planting time, which I presume will be around September/October. Any suggestions for that?

Answer from Pam Jenkins: If you have a suitable area available, I would just plant them in the ground where you intend to grow them and cover with layer of mulch to shelter them over winter. I have found them to be very resilient so long as they don’t get waterlogged. Over the years, I have stored them in a variety of mulches or potting mix in a cool dry place. The ones that I neglected to gather up stored just as well sitting on the surface of a shady well drained garden bed. Read my article about growing yacon.

Another article by Angelo

Lettuce growing guide.

Also read Robin’s lettuce growing guide on our website.

Read more of Angelo’s food-related articles.

The Melbourne ‘Local Food Connections’ community radio show

There is no show next Sunday (16th June).

Podcasts of all previous episodes are available on their website, the latest being Katie Finlay on the Harcourt Organic Farming Co-op (2nd June).

Insect of the week from my garden – Australian emperor dragonfly

Dragonflies and damselflies change from aquatic juveniles to flying adults. But, unlike butterflies and beetles, this metamorphosis does not involve pupation. Rather, the aquatic juvenile simply crawls out of the water onto a leaf, splits its skin and the adult emerges, wings and all. The adult then flies off, leaving behind the cast-off exoskeleton.

The two photos are of exoskeletons left behind as the adult emerges. The left hand photo is of australian emperor dragonfly (Anax papuensis) and the right hand one is of an unknown damselfly.

Read about my previous insects of the week on our website.

Which link was clicked most times in the last newsletter?

The most popular link in the last newsletter was the video where Hayden Marks discussed why Melbourne Bushfoods has closed down.

The most popular event link in the last newsletter was the upcoming Australian Chocolate Festival by bean-to-bar makers on Sunday, 7th July, 10am-4pm, at Abbotsford..

b33e661f-c100-4ebe-9ffa-847952e0da4e.jpgJoke (or pun) of the week

Waiter, waiter, there’s a twig in my soup. Hold on sir, I’ll get the branch manager.

Read more food-related jokes on our website.

 

Regular activities over the coming week

Farmers’ and other food markets
Food swaps
Community gardens

Upcoming face-to-face events – not cooking

Fruit tree pruning; Saturday, 6th July, 10.30-11.30am; free; Bayswater North.

Learn how to prune your fruit trees – including practical demonstration of techniques. Also, learn about monitoring for queensland fruit fly (info packs available), beneficial insects and fruit tree selection. Presenter: Ken Williams. The workshop will take place at the same time and place as the Bayswater North Food Swap.

All day art day – nature fest! (6- 12 years); Thursday, 11th July, 9.30am-3.15pm; $89 ($15 per hour); Forest Hill.

Explore nature’s bounty in the community garden. Using plants as inspiration, the children will craft mixed media art, creating their own tools from garden finds. Get creative with recycled materials, crafting house and garden artworks, and take home seeds to nurture your own garden masterpiece. Move through three art practices, each running for 1.5 hours. Please take a snack, lunch, hat, sunscreen, and smock/apron. Organised by Strathdon House.

Kitchen medicine – garden farmacy; Sunday, 11th August, 10am-2.30pm; $150 ($33 per hour); CERES.

This is an introduction to herbal medicine making. Take a walk through the CERES garden beds and bring the wisdom of traditional herbal medicines into a modern context. You will explore traditional and modern uses of the plants and how to introduce these plants into the kitchen as medicine. Presenter: Naabi Methe.

In-depth mushroom cultivation workshop; Sunday, 11th August, 10am-4pm; $161 ($27 per hour); Alphington.

You will learn the growing methods for oyster mushrooms, including inoculation & sterilisation, and be introduced to basic mycology. You will undertake practical sessions and learn how to start master cultures. You will also be given a tour of the mushroom farm. Take a clean 5-10L bucket with a lid and some gloves. Presenter: Buttons. Organised by The Mushroomery.

In June
In July
In August
Regular events

Upcoming face-to-face events – cooking

Royal icing workshop with Deanna Hitti; Sunday, 30th June, 2-3pm; free; Brunswick.

Take a cup from home to decorate or use one of theirs. Learn a variety of icing recipes and how to pipe icing with different nozzles and piping techniques. Then use what you have learned to decorate your object with icing, experimenting with colours and patterns. This workshop is being run in association with Deanna Hitti’s exhibition K is for Kitab Tabakh at the Counihan Gallery.

Large detailed rose pot cupcake decorating workshop; Sunday, 14th July, 1-4pm; $260 ($87 per hour); Bayswater North.

Master the art of piping delicate buttercream roses to create a cupcake pot. You will take home a whimsical pot brimming with 14 adorned cupcakes. All materials will be provided. Presenter: Maria from Enchanted Pots. Organised by Arrabri Community House.

Food for fellas (4 sessions); on consecutive Thursdays, starting 8th August, 11am-1pm; $20 for all four sessions; Diamond Creek.

This course is aimed at men who may be living alone, who may be performing a caring role, or who may have experienced a recent change of circumstance that requires them to learn basic cooking, nutrition and food preparation skills. Learn about making easy, quick and nourishing recipes in a supportive social environment. At the end of each session, enjoy the meal as a group.

Hands-on chef’s table – preserved mustard greens; Sunday, 11th August, 11.30am-2.30pm; $150 ($50 per hour); Fitzroy North.

Learn how to make preserved mustard greens, bao bun dough and spring onion knots. Enjoy the dishes made in class at a communal dining table. Go home with your own jar of preserved mustard greens. Presenter: Cristina Chang.

In June
In July
In August
Regular classes
Jun 052024
 

Thanks to the people who have contributed to this week’s newsletter: Deb Austin, Debbie Makin, Helen Simpson and Virginia Solomon.

Every newsletter needs a good picture

Still-life with cherries, strawberries and gooseberries was painted in 1630 by French still life painter Louise Moillon, who was 20 years of age at the time. Most of her paintings are still lifes of fruit.

See more food-related art on our website.

Melbourne Bushfood is no more

Melbourne Bushfood has officially closed down. Watch this video, where its founder Hayden Marks explains why.

Obviously, the series of articles about bushfoods in this newsletter will also be coming to an end as they were based on material from the Melbourne Bushfood website, which is also no more.

I do, however, have a few bushfood articles that have not yet been published and I will include these in the next newsletter.

Butter vs margarine vs shortening vs lard and tallow

Butter is made from the fat and protein components of churned cream which is, in turn, the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of un-homogenised milk. As such, butter is mostly (at least 80%) fat, and most of this is saturated fats.

Margarine is an emulsion of fat and water, with most of the fat usually being unsaturated. Most margarine nowadays is made from vegetable oil (although it was originally made from animal fats) and is vegan. Some margarines, however, contains some dairy and others contain other animal products. For this reason, some vegan margarines are called something else, such as ‘vegan spreadable’ or ‘dairy free buttery spread’.

Shortening is technically any fat that is a solid at room temperature. Nowadays, it is usually made from hydrogenated vegetable oils. It is 100% fat and has no water content. The most popular shortening in Australia is Copha, which is 99% coconut oil.

Lard and tallow are effectively animal versions of shortening, made from pig and cattle/sheep respectively. They used to be popular but have now been largely replaced by vegetable shortening.

The main reason for using butter, margarine or shortening in baking is to make the baked goods more tender (think brioche versus baguette). This is due to the fats, which prevent the gluten forming long strands (which is why ‘shortening’ is so called).

Butter has a distinct taste, whereas margarine may or may not have a taste depending on its composition, and shortening is virtually flavourless.

Butter has a lower melting point than shortening and it therefore causes baked goods to spread more and have less height. More generally, the use of butter, margarine or shortening can result in somewhat different textures and mouth feels.

These varying characteristics mean that the end product can be a bit different depending on whether butter, margarine or shortening is used. For example, if you want your biscuits to be thin and chewy, you might use butter whereas if you want them thick and soft, you might use shortening.

Butter is typically more expensive than margarine which, in turn, is typically more expensive than shortening.

Butter is mostly saturated fats, which can be a health concern. Some margarines contain artificial ingredients, which can be a concern for those who prefer to use natural ingredients.

Substitution should be done on the basis of equal amounts of fat. So, for example use 80g of shortening (which is 100% fat) instead of 100g of butter (which is usually around 80% fat) or vice versa. With shortening, potentially add a bit of water to make up for its lack of water. With margarine, read the label to find out the fat percentage.

Finally, margarine and shortening are usually vegan whilst butter obviously never is.

Read more of my baking articles on our website.

A great chocolate giveaway

As you will read later, the first ever Australian Chocolate Festival by bean-to-bar makers will take place on Sunday, 7th July, 10am-4pm at Abbotsford Convent. You will be able to meet some farmers that grow cacao and some of the makers who transform cacao into chocolate. You can watch a demonstration of how beans are made into chocolate and eats lots of chocolate. There will be around 30 exhibitors who will offer tastings and sales of their products.

The $25 ticket gets you both general admission and admission to a chocolate tasting workshop at a time of your choice. Courtesy of the event’s organisers, we have 10 such tickets to give away. If you would like some of these tickets, email me by end Wednesday to enter our random draw. In your email, state whether you would like 1 or 2 tickets.

Chocolate maker versus chocolatier

Whilst reading about the Australian Chocolate Festival, I came across their article on the difference between a ‘chocolate maker’ and a ‘chocolatier’.

A chocolate maker receives raw cacao beans and roasts, grinds and fine tunes these beans into what we know as chocolate.

A chocolatier receives chocolate and uses it to create chocolates, truffles, ganaches, bonbons, figurines, showpieces, confections, etc. The chocolate that they receive, often called couverture chocolate, is typically produced by large industrial chocolate makers with the cocoa bean origin not being disclosed.

Balwyn Community Garden

There is now a page on our website about Balwyn Community Garden.

This garden, which is at Balwyn Community Centre, is allotment-based. There are 35 plots of various sizes, ranging from 10 square metres to 30 square metres, and including some raised beds for easy access.

Gardeners lease the plots for growing vegetables, herbs and flowers and there is a co-operative, sharing vibe. Produce, seeds, cuttings and tips are exchanged and everyone helps at working bees to maintain the site.

There is a shed which contains various equipment (spades, etc), both communal and individually owned.

There is a booklet which provides some rules and guidelines for gardener behaviour, including a code of conduct, rights & responsibilities, plot maintenance (e.g. it must be well maintained) and pest control (e.g. no toxic chemicals).

To become a plot holder, you have to live within 3 kilometres of the garden. The plots currently cost $5 pa per square metre plus a membership fee of $16 pa. In addition, plot holders pay a once off joining fee of $150 to go towards the cost of communal equipment. All plots are currently allocated and there is a waiting list of around 2 years. Here is the application form.

There are now pages for 68 of our local community gardens, of which 16 are basically allotments.

Question of the week

Question from Sue: I live in Marysville Victoria. We’ve had a couple of thick frosts already. Should I do anything with my strawberry plants now or wait till spring?

Answer from Helen Simpson: Your strawberry plants will go into a dormancy period, which they need. So they can be left as is and their leaves will go brown. When Spring arrives, they will start growing new leaves. You can fertilise then and move them around if you wish. It’s also a good time then to re-plant any runners that have attached themselves to the soil. Read my article about how to grow strawberries.

Local people making a difference – Box Hill High School

Box Hill High School (BHHS) has a sustainability club made up of staff and students who meet once a week to discuss and plan initiatives around the school to improve sustainability in the BHHS community. Read their story.

The coordinator, Rebecca Kertes, recommends that schools join the Resource Smart Schools program run by Sustainability Victoria.

‘Crowd harvest’ – Winter citrus

Lemon trees and other citrus are often heavily laden in the middle of winter. Gardeners with excess are invited to give them during June to one of the not-for profit organisations listed in the next paragraph who will, in turn, provide them to those facing food insecurity. Read this Facebook post for more information.

DIVRS in Preston, Elisha Care in Lilydale, Now and Not Yet Cafe in Warrandyte or STREAT in Collingwood.

The Melbourne ‘Local Food Connections’ community radio show

Listen to next Sunday’s show (9th June, 10-10.30am) by tuning into either the 3CR station (855 AM) or its livestream.

Podcasts of all previous episodes are available on their website, the latest being Josh Williams from Tumpinyeri Growers (26th May).

Insect of the week from my garden – banded sugar ants

The left hand photo is of a colony of banded sugar ants (Camponotus consobrinus). As you can see, they don’t have wings.

The right hand photo is of a group of winged banded sugar ants getting ready to swarm. These are a mix of virgin queens and male drones. They are about to fly off to establish other colonies. Once they mate, the males will die and the females will shed their wings.

Banded sugar ants are a bit larger than your average ant (around 1cm long) but don’t often bite. They are mostly nocturnal and usually farm aphids (for their honeydew), taking the aphids out at night to feed.

My banded sugar ants have multiple nests which they often move between around both dawn and dusk.

Read about my previous insects of the week on our website.

Which link was clicked most times in the last newsletter?

The most popular link in the last newsletter was Jaimie’s article about society garlic as an edible plant.

The most popular event link in the last newsletter was the upcoming CERES workshop about designing your own edible oasis on 15th June.

b33e661f-c100-4ebe-9ffa-847952e0da4e.jpgJoke (or pun) of the week

Why was Cinderella a lousy footy player? She had a pumpkin for a coach.

Read more food-related jokes on our website.

 

Regular activities over the coming week

Farmers’ and other food markets

North East Region Permaculture (NERP) will have a stall at Sunday’s Eltham Farmers’ Market where their theme will be composts and leaf moulds. They will be giving away some bags of Autumn leaves to enrich some local compost heaps.

Food swaps
Community gardens

Upcoming face-to-face events – not cooking

Gardens for food, fibre and wildlife; Saturday, 8th June, 11am-1pm; $15; Coburg.

Jo Russell will discuss how to create or integrate more Indigenous and other native plants into your garden with the purpose of increasing habitat for pollinators as well as food and fibre. Click here to read about the garden. Organised by Reynard Street Neighbourhood House.

Breakfast set workshop with Jessie Pittard (2 sessions); on Saturdays, 8th and 22nd June, both 2-4pm; $120 ($30 per hour); Research.

In the first session, learn how to make a plate, bowl, tumbler/mug and spoon using hand building techniques such as pinching, slab building and coiling. You will also learn decoration techniques to make your creations stand out. In the second session, you will choose your glaze to finish your breakfast set off and learn glazing and under glazing techniques.

Composting workshop; Sunday, 16th June, 10am-midday; $5; Watsonia.

Jo will show you how to build and use a garden compost, as well as monitor its health. Take along some kitchen or garden scraps (nothing weedy please) to build a nutritious compost while discussing all things decomposition. Also, take along some gardening gloves to use on the day. Finally, feel free to take along some samples or photos of your compost at home if you would like advice from Jo. Organised by Watsonia Neighbourhood House.

Bees wax wraps making workshop (12+ years); Wednesday, 3rd July, 2.30-4pm; $24 ($16 per hour); Forest Hill.

Learn how to make beeswax food wraps to keep your food fresh. Organised by Strathdon House.

Urban cocktail trail; Saturday, 6th July, 1-5pm; $75-95; Fitzroy.

This is a self-guided wine tasting experience, where you choose the order in which you visit the various venues. The ticket includes complementary tastings, a $10 food voucher and 4-6 cocktail vouchers. The participating venues: Bonny Bar, Good Liquor & Wine, Ichi Ni Nana, Lost Boys Bar, Near & Far Bar and The Evelyn Hotel.

The Australian Chocolate Festival by bean-to-bar makers; Sunday, 7th July, 10am-4pm; $20-25; Abbotsford.

Meet some farmers that grow cacao and some of the makers who transform cacao into chocolate. Watch a demonstration of how beans are made into chocolate and eats lots of chocolate. There will be around 30 exhibitors who will offer tastings and sales of their products. Most of the exhibitors will offer no-sugar-added, all-natural, organic, vegan, gluten-free and/or kosher products.

Get buzzy with Ben’s beeswax wrap workshop; Tuesday, 16th July, 6.30-8pm; free; Ringwood.

Learn how to make your own beeswax wraps and leave with your very own wrap to use. Also learn about bees and their by-products. Presenter: Ben from Ben’s Bees.

Permaculture Design Course (100 hours); starting Saturday, 3rd August, 9.30am-4.30pm; $2,350 ($24 per hour); CERES.

The course will comprise a combination of Wednesday evenings (6.30-9.30pm), weekend days (9.30am-4.30pm) and two weekend visits. It is a classroom-based, theoretical course with site visits, not a gardening course. Participants will develop: an appreciation of the fundamentals of permaculture and the historical context in which it was developed; an ability to incorporate ecological and energy literacy/understanding in the design process; an ability to read patterns in landscapes and understand how they influence design choices; an understanding of the design processes and the conceptual design tools used in permaculture, as background for later application topics; an ability to design food production and other agricultural systems in appropriate landscapes; an understanding of how communities function and how permaculture concepts can be used to build functional communities; an understanding of how trading functions and how permaculture concepts can be used to build more equitable economic systems; an understanding of how settlements can be designed to meet human needs on a sustainable basis; an understanding of how buildings can be designed to meet human needs on a sustainable basis; an appreciation of the technologies that are available to assist in building sustainable lifestyles – renewable energies and conservation of non-renewable resources; and a confidence in one’s ability to make a difference at the individual level. Trainers: Adam,. Beck Lowe, Joel Meadows, Kat Lavers and Taj Scicluna.

Tree/scion sales and grafting day; Saturday, 3rd August, 10am-midday; free; CERES.

Purchase scion/budwood from a wide range of varieties of apples and other fruits. Request onsite grafting of apple scion onto suitable rootstock that they will provide. Purchase 2-year-old ready-to-plant fruit trees. The session will also include a grafting demonstration. Organised by the Heritage Fruits Society. No need to book – just turn up.

Backyard beekeeping basics; Saturday, 3rd August, 11am-1pm; $80 ($40 per hour); CERES.

You will learn about: the history and biology of a colony of European honey bees; protective clothing and occupational health and safety; hive components and assembly; bee biology and seasonal management; legislation; diseases and pests of bees; extracting honey; inspecting hive for disease; purchasing hives; and other products from the hive. Presenter: Ashton Edgley.

Tree/scion sales and grafting day; Sunday, 4th August, 9am-midday; free; Templestowe.

Purchase scion/budwood from a wide range of varieties of apples and other fruits. Request onsite grafting of apple scion onto suitable rootstock that they will provide. Purchase 2-year-old ready-to-plant fruit trees. The session will also include a grafting demonstration. Organised by the Heritage Fruits Society. No need to book – just turn up.

Introduction to horticulture and permaculture (15 sessions); starting Wednesday, 7th August, 10am-3pm; $1,050 ($14 per hour); CERES.

This course is designed as a taster for those who are unsure as to whether accredited training is for them, or whether horticulture and/or permaculture is the right pathway, or who are simply not able to commit to a full course at this stage. The three units offered (recognise plants; assist with soil or growing media sampling and testing; and plant and maintain permaculture crops) have been selected from the Certificate II in Horticulture and Certificate II in Permaculture. Presenter: Abigail Jabines.

Thrifty gardening; Wednesday, 7th August, 7-9pm; free; Doncaster.

Maria Ciavarella, from My Green Garden, will show you how to utilise things you already have to garden and save money, including re-purposing everyday items and recycling organic waste. The presentation will start at 7pm but there will be sandwiches and a food swap at 6.45pm.

In June
In July
Regular events

Upcoming face-to-face events – cooking

Sri Lankan ayurvedic cooking workshop; Friday, 21st June, 5.30-8pm; $99 ($40 per hour); Fairfield.

Explore some of the basics of a Sri Lankan and an Ayurvedic diet, discuss key kitchen ingredients, spices, herbs and cooking methods and then learn to make a few dishes for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Also, participate in a traditional blessing ceremony and a healing ritual.

Raw food treats cooking workshop; Saturday, 29th June, 1-4pm; $175 ($58 per hour); Camberwell.

Jo-Anne Grist will demonstrate how to make: raw pistachio slice; raw chocolate brownie with pistachios; raw mini mango cheesecakes; lemon and coconut bliss balls; and fresh summer berry rocky road, You will take home a box of raw treats.

Mini master cooks (9-12 years) – make bao buns; Friday, 5th July, 12.45-2.15pm; $52 ($35 per hour); Forest Hill.

Calling all mini cooks aged 9-12, make bao buns. Steam them to perfection and fill them with tasty fillings. BYO apron and container to take the pasta and sauce home in. Organised by Strathdon House.

Dad and me – cook, eat, enjoy; Wednesday, 10th July, 5.30-7pm; free; Lilydale.

For children aged 3-8. Make your own pizza, salad and chocolate dessert. Challenge your senses, try new ingredients and decorate your own paper chef hat to keep.

Sourdough bread workshop; Saturday, 20th July, 10am-1pm; $55 ($18 per hour); Panton Hill.

Learn how to make sourdough bread. You will make a pizza base to enjoy together and some bread dough ready to bake the following day at home. You will also be given a starter so that you can continue to make bread at home. Take an apron, tea towel, sealable container (for the bread dough) and jar with a screw top lid (for the starter). Organised by Living & Learning Nillumbik.

Vegan chocolate making; Sunday, 4th August, 10.30am-midday; $80 ($53 per hour); Collingwood.

Start by unravelling the story of cocoa butter. Then delve into the intricacies of chocolate making, from melting and mixing the perfect blend of ingredients to mastering the art of setting. Presenter: Tina Gelberidis.

In June
In July
Regular classes